Total maintenance for hvac, refrigeration equipment and associated control systems contract no ot905506 effective dates. Guide for air conditioning, refrigeration, and heating. Hvac and refrigeration systems with over two decades of highvolume experience and millions of devices installed worldwide, kavlico pressure sensors lowrange differential pressure dp transducers provide performance levels unparalleled in the building automation industry. Pdf potential energy savings in refrigeration systems using. Detailed information as to specific products is available from manufacturers of components and accessories. Document resume ed 251 645 ce 040 232 author henderson, william edward, jr. Handbook on indirect refrigeration and heat pump systems iii summary most refrigeration systems are constructed as direct systems, i. The system evaluation manual and chiller evaluation. Fundamentals of mechanical refrigeration systems course content introduction mechanical refrigeration is a thermodynamic process of removing heat from a lower temperature heat source or substance and transferring it to a higher temperature heat sink.
At a lower temperature, molecular motion slows down and the growth of bacteria that causes food spoilage also retards. The display reads in analog, digital or a combination of both, and monitors two pressures, two live temperatures, subcooling and superheat, and saturation temperatures liquid and vapor for nearly 100 nist refrigerants. The key components that make up industrial refrigeration systems are compressors, evaporators, condensers, and controls. Rev pages chapter 9 refrigerants, refrigeration cycles, and. Condensing pressure should be equivalent to somewhere around 20 to 35 above. Refrigeration systems have a wide range of applications in industry and in daily living. Introduction the mechanism used for lowering or producing low temp. The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common method for transferring heat. A publication of the lubrication engineers technical department leaders in lubricants number 48 refrigeration systems cold is a relative term which specifically refers to a reduced temperature condition within a confined space. When switch is turned on, power is provided to the temperature control, compressor, condenser and evaporator fan motor. Refrigeration systems after completing this unit you will be able to.
Here, wika is the competent partner for measuring instruments for pressure, temperature and calibration in all parts of refrigeration plants. Layout of the r22 vapourcompression refrigeration system. The checklists also provide recommended corrective actions to remedy identified faults e. Refrigeration systems installation, operation and maintenance instructions table of contents installation 2 7 wall mounted systems 2 3 general instructions 2 3 freezer models 100 and 150 or cooler model 075 3 ceiling mounted systems 4 6 general instructions 4 5 outdoor systems utilizing a membrane roof 5 6. Balamugundansenior lecturerpanimalar engg college refrigeration and air conditioningrefrigeration. Both the first and second laws of thermodynamics are discussed in relation to refrigeration systems to show how system performance differs from one law to another. Page 8 purpose, scope, execution ansiacca 14 qmref 2015 commercial refrigeration maintenance 3. Hvac and refrigeration systems covers all aspects of residential and light commercial heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems including their effects on indoor air quality. But not only the installation of an ammoniabased refrigeration system is about 10 to 20 percent cheaper than similar systems, operating costs are also significantly lower. Save money and time, improve indoor air quality, and get maximum use from hvac and refrigeration machines with help from this stepbystep guide. Length of training program sponsors shall establish a minimum five 5 years program of not less than.
The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air. When equipment constantly breaks down or doesnt perform to expectations, its often because there has never been any preventive maintenance only emergency service. However, they may expect you to have a much greater indepth understanding of refrigeration to help them solve their cooling needs. This guide is primarily intended for companies who currently own, operate or will purchase a refrigeration or cooling system.
Useful icons throughout the book indicate the degree of difficulty for each procedure. Manual for refrigeration servicing introduction technicians. This manual is designed to fill a need which exists for a concise, elementary text to aid servicemen, salesman, students, and others interested in refrigeration. Identify and record the refrigeration systems inventory of equipment, controls, components, and accessories. Supplement 9 maintenance of refrigeration equipment. Your customers may not need to go beyond this simple understanding of refrigeration. Industrial refrigeration best practices guide 1 chapter 1. The textbook also includes heating and refrigeration basics, thermodynamics, combustion and fuels, psychrometrics, mechanical devices, and system controls.
This however requires an intelligent control that drives the refrigeration. The two main types of hazardous refrigerants used in vessel. Identifying refrigeration problems using superheat and subcooling. Condensing unit and refrigeration system installation. Air conditioning and refrigeration industry onet codes 499031. Table v troubleshooting checklist for refrigeration. Compressor basic refrigeration cycle evaporator condenser receiver expansion device. A refrigeration system is a combination of components and equipment connected in a sequential order to produce the refrigeration effect. The refrigeration systems commonly used for air conditioning can be classified by the type of input energy and the refrigeration process as follows. How this happens, however, varies among the four different types of refrigeration systems. These components have unique input parameters such as suction. The ideal basic refrigeration cycle consists of four components, connected by piping with refrigerant flowing through the system. Part 1 fundamentals of refrigeration part 2 refrigeration system components part 3 the refrigeration load part 4. Notice the 30 degrees of liquid subcooling backed up in the condenser.
From section 5 maintenance tasks, identify appropriate checklists for each piece of. It is an ebook for people who are involved in training and. Ansiacca 14 qmref 2015 commercial refrigeration maintenance 3. Department of energys commercial building partnerships cbp. Overcharged system table 1 shows an r4a refrigeration system with an overcharge of refrigerant. System description the layout of the system is shown in figure 1. Table v troubleshooting checklist for refrigeration systems continued trouble possible cause corrective measure compressor short cycles on thermal expansion valve not adjust, repair, or replace thermal lowpressure control. Refrigeration engineering program as built drawings require consultant to provide final copy of latest design place refrigeration floor plan and schedule on compressor room wall store hard copy of complete set of drawings in compressor room in drawing tube develop storage process of electronic cad, dwf and pdf files. Refrigeration systems, part 1 contact ihrdc sales for corporate purchases add to cart price. Hvac and refrigeration system bureau of energy efficiency 73 figure 4. Commercial refrigeration, industrial cooling products and cooling systems maintenance information and tips from heatcraft refrigeration, the leader in commercial refrigeration products.
All refrigeration systems work by transferring heat around, moving it from a designated area to somewhere else, thus cooling that designated area off and reversing the natural flow of heat with the application of energy. The potential energy savings in refrigeration systems using energy optimal control has been proved to be substantial. A mechanical refrigeration system produces this condition by piping a volatile. Gas and kerosene absorption units are also used in such places. This book provides a detailed analysis of absorption refrigeration systems, covering single effect to multieffect systems and their applications. It can be defined as the process of transferring heat from a low temperature regionto a high temperature region. The guide covers a wide range of applications in varying degrees of detail. The maintenance of these smallscale offgrid systems is outside the scope of this. Information on troubleshooting the refrigeration system while applying the principles of super heat and subcooling to hvacr equipment. Lets take a look at tasks on the refrigeration preventative maintenance checklist that you and your staff can and should perform on a daily or weekly basis. Refrigeration fundamentals heatcraft worldwide refrigeration. Hvac and refrigeration preventive maintenance covers. Title artculated, performancebased instruction objectives. Refrigeration manual, and follows part 1, fundamentals of refrigeration.
It has been mentioned above that the refrigeration and air conditioning are related. The highest levels of efficiency in these systems are achieved through a. A publication of the lubrication engineers technical. Standardized assembly line modules off the shelf package units. Analyze air refrigeration systems, vapor compression refrigeration systems, vapour absorption refrigeration systems, and steam jet refrigeration systems 3. A comparative study has been carried out of r12, 22, 125, 4a, 152a, 218, 245, 500, 502, 507 and 717 as working fluids in a vapourcompression refrigeration system. Hazards during the repair and maintenance of refrigeration systems on vessels the repair and maintenance of refrigeration systems can present hazards to both workers servicing these systems and those in the general area. Integrated absorption refrigeration systems springerlink. Hvac unit 29 troubleshooting and typical operating. This is due to the good solubility with mineral oils. Model based control covers a variety of different types of controls, that. Refrigeration systems are also rated in terms of tons of refrigeration.
If an owner expects his refrigeration equipment to perform reliably for many years, preventive maintenance is a necessity. Knowing the temperature difference across the coils, the amperage, and the airflow all give the technician vital information. Refrigeration system with air cooler and aircooled condenser. Air conditioning refrigeration california department of. The information included on refrigeration components is general in nature and is intended only to give a brief description of their operation. Model based control of refrigeration systems department of. Although each separate part covers a specific area of refrigeration theory and practice, each successive publication presumes a basic understanding of the material presented in the previous sections. Introduction chapter 1 introduction courtesy of frick background this guide identifies and discusses best practices for making industrial refrigeration systems both energyefficient and productive. Refrigeration and air conditioning notes free download as word doc. Even when a space has to be heated, it can be done so by changing the direction of flow of the refrigerant in the refrigeration system, i.
It may be necessary to use a lubricant with lower solubility or increased viscosity to compensate for thinning. Start studying hvac unit 25 special refrigeration system components. Both a steadystate and a transient simulation will be considered. The system evaluation manual and chiller evaluation manual. Identifying refrigeration problems using superheat and subcooling understanding superheat and subcooling, and knowing how to correctly measure them can help you with refrigeration system troubleshooting by david gibbs often, measuring temperatures or pressures at key points in a refrigeration system can pinpoint trouble spots. Industrial facilities usually have several process systems, involving heating, cooling, and condensing, that use the principles of refrigeration to assist in system operation. Preventative maintenance commercial refrigeration equipment. Schematic of a basic vapor compression refrigeration system it can be seen that the condenser has to be capable of rejecting the combined heat inputs of the evaporator and the compressor. In remote areas with no other power supply they may use photovoltaic power systems. Refrigeration system troubleshooting pdf system trouble shooting fault location.
This case study demonstrates the modeling of a vapour compression refrigeration system using r22 as refrigerant. In industry, liquids, gases, and machinery are cooled in order to control the temperatures involved in certain processes. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The unit is running normally, and the space is within about 5 of the desired final temperature. The refrigeration cycle explained in plain english. Welcome to the manual for refrigeration servicing technicians. Refrigerants and the refrigeration system determine the pressures. This refrigeration playbook provides guidance to refrigeration system design teams about selecting energyefficient refrigeration systems that use lowglobal warming potential gwp refrigerants. Understand the basic principles of refrigeration and air conditioning, 2. Mechanical refrigeration works by changing the the majority of heat is removed from the the majority of the works by removedchanging the absorbed heat is state of the refrigerant.
The illustration above is a consumers understanding of refrigeration. The maintenance of these small scale offgrid systems is outside the scope of this document, but is covered in evmsope503. Industrial refrigeration energy efficiency projects are challenging to tackle due to their dynamic configuration, complex operations, and multiple system interactions. The four types of refrigeration systems you need to know. Various control methods for refrigeration systems were developed. Handbook on indirect refrigeration and heat pump systems. Hazards during the repair and maintenance of refrigeration. Good miscibility is maintained with most lubricants under all operating conditions.
Refrigeration and airconditioning is the subject which deals with the. Quality maintenance of commercial refrigeration systems. Ansiacca 14 qmref 2015 commercial refrigeration maintenance. Hvac unit 25 special refrigeration system components. These methods differ in their theoretical basis and performance depends on system operating conditions. And they will run until the box temperature setting is reached. Know later, that refrigeration is an integral component of airconditioning. On completion of this course, students should be able to 1.